Approach to policing designed to overcome problems encountered in the Political Era?

• A. Reform Model
• B. Political Model
• C. Nightwatch
• D. Kin Policing

Answer: (A)

This question tests the shift from political control to professional policing. The Reform Model is the approach designed to overcome the problems encountered in the Political Era by professionalizing the force: merit-based hiring, formal training, centralized command, standardized procedures, and increased accountability away from political machines. By removing policing from the influence of local politicians and focusing on crime control, order maintenance, and efficiency, this model aimed to reduce corruption, patronage, and inconsistent practices that defined the Political Era. The other options don’t fit the remedy: the Nightwatch reflects an older, informal system; Kin Policing refers to non-institutional social controls; and the Political Model describes the era whose problems the Reform Model sought to fix.